Photovoltaic (PV) panel encapsulation is a critical process in the manufacturing of solar panels. The encapsulation material serves multiple essential functions: protecting the solar cells from environmental damage such as moisture and mechanical impacts, providing electrical insulation, and enhancing the efficiency of the solar panel by improving light transmission. Here’s a detailed look at how PV panel encapsulation works and the materials typically used:
Materials Used in Encapsulation
Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA)
EVA is the most commonly used encapsulant in the solar industry due to its excellent adhesion to glass and solar cells, good transparency, and UV resistance.
Properties
High degree of transparency
Good cushioning properties
Excellent UV protection.
Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB)
PVB is used as an alternative to EVA, especially in building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) where stronger mechanical properties are required.
Properties
Good impact resistance and adhesion
Modified & Treated Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) provides similar UV as EVA.
Silicone
Silicones are used for high-performance solar modules, particularly in harsh environments. They offer superior durability and temperature resistance.
Properties
Used in Photovoltaic (PV) panel with longer lifespan
Useful in extreme conditions.
Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)
TPU is gaining attention for its environmental resistance and mechanical properties.
Properties
Recyclable
Excellent humidity resistance Excellent flexibility