Automotive Coatings
Glycoluril-based resins, especially in melamine-glycoluril formulations, are used in automotive paints and coatings to improve durability, UV resistance, and scratch resistance. These resins are valued for their excellent crosslinking properties, enhancing the longevity and appearance of vehicle exteriors.
Can and Coil Coatings
In the food and beverage industry, glycoluril derivatives are commonly used in can coatings to ensure strong adhesion, chemical resistance, and durability. The crosslinked glycoluril structures help maintain the integrity of metal cans, particularly for beverages and perishable goods.
Textile Flame Retardants
Glycoluril is used in flame-retardant formulations for textiles, providing protection against fire for fabrics used in furniture, clothing, and automotive interiors. These additives help textiles meet safety regulations and extend their useful life.
Encapsulated Pesticides
In agriculture, glycoluril-based materials are used to create slow-release formulations for pesticides. Encapsulation provides a gradual release of the active ingredient, reducing the frequency of applications and improving environmental safety.
Advanced Adhesives
Glycoluril derivatives are included in high-performance adhesives used in various industrial applications, especially where high durability and heat resistance are required. These adhesives are commonly found in construction, automotive, and electronic industries.
Household and Industrial Cleaning
Products In detergent formulations, glycoluril can be used to control the release of cleaning agents, providing sustained action on surfaces and reducing the need for repeated applications. It’s especially useful in specialized industrial cleaners.
Water Treatment Systems
Glycoluril derivatives are utilized in water treatment applications to bind and remove contaminants, including heavy metals. Their strong host-guest complexation ability makes them valuable in systems aimed at purifying wastewater and drinking water.
Plastic Flame Retardants
In plastics, glycoluril derivatives serve as flame-retardant additives for products such as electrical casings, furniture, and building materials. These applications benefit from the nitrogen content in glycoluril, which enhances fire resistance without significantly compromising the material’s properties.
Industrial Protective Coatings
Glycoluril resins are used in protective coatings for industrial machinery, pipelines, and other equipment exposed to harsh environments. These coatings offer excellent chemical and abrasion resistance, extending the lifespan of industrial assets.
2.0
GLYCOLURIL USE IN AUTOMOTIVE COATINGS
(CROSSLINKING AGENT)
In automotive coatings, glycoluril plays a crucial role as a crosslinking agent, enhancing durability, adhesion, and resistance to environmental wear. Here’s a closer look at how it contributes to automotive coatings
Crosslinking Agent
Glycoluril is commonly used in combination with melamine resins in automotive coatings. It forms a highly crosslinked network that gives the coating strong adhesion, making it resilient to physical wear, chemicals, and UV exposure, which are critical for vehicle exteriors that face harsh conditions.
Enhanced Durability and Scratch Resistance
Glycoluril-based coatings provide superior scratch resistance, which is especially valuable in clear coats applied to vehicles. This increased hardness helps protect the paint from minor abrasions, extending the vehicle’s aesthetic appeal and reducing maintenance.
UV Resistance
The robust crosslinked structure formed by glycoluril enhances the coating’s resistance to UV degradation. This feature protects both the paint colour and the underlying substrate from fading, chalking, or cracking due to sun exposure, making it ideal for vehicles that are often exposed to direct sunlight.
Chemical and Weather Resistance
Coatings with glycoluril exhibit strong resistance to chemicals, such as those found in car washes, road salt, and fuel splashes. This ensures that the coating maintains its integrity and finish even in chemically aggressive environments.
Gloss and Aesthetic Appeal
Glycoluril-based coatings contribute to a high-gloss finish, which is desirable for automotive paints. The smooth, durable film enhances the appearance of the vehicle, creating a long-lasting glossy and smooth surface.
Temperature and Humidity Tolerance
Glycoluril-containing formulations can withstand high temperatures and humidity variations, which is important during application processes, like curing in ovens, as well as for long-term performance in diverse climates.
Eco-Friendly Advantages
Some glycoluril-based coatings are formulated to reduce volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, aligning with environmental regulations and providing more sustainable options within the automotive industry.
2.1
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS WHICH USE GLYCOLURIL IN AUTOMOBILE COATINGS
In commercial automotive coatings, glycoluril based resins are integral to formulations designed for enhanced durability, UV resistance, and overall finish. Here are a few well known brands and types of products that may use glycoluril in their coatings:
Axalta Coating Systems Imron Elite
This high-performance polyurethane coating line, commonly used in commercial and industrial applications, often incorporates crosslinkers like glycoluril to improve UV resistance, chemical durability, and gloss retention. Axalta’s automotive finishes are widely applied in OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) and aftermarket settings.
BASF Coatings Glasurit and RM Brands
BASF’s Glasurit and RM brands are known for their premium, ecofriendly automotive coatings. While BASF doesn’t always disclose specific ingredients, glycoluril is used in formulations for improved crosslinking and enhanced protective properties in the automotive and refinish markets.
PPG Industries Envirobase High Performance
This waterborne paint line from PPG integrates advanced resins for durability and weather resistance. Although marketed as an ecofriendly, low VOC solution, many of PPG’s products use glycoluril based resins to ensure scratch resistance and strong adhesion.
Sherwin Williams Ultra 7000 Series
Sherwin Williams’ Ultra 7000 series is a popular choice for automotive refinishing, known for its colour matching and superior finish. The coatings likely employ glycoluril derivatives to provide hard, UV stable finishes, particularly for topcoats and clear coats.
AkzoNobel Sikkens Auto clear LV Superior
Sikkens by AkzoNobel is known for high quality automotive coatings. Their Auto clear LV Superior is specifically developed for topcoat protection, and glycoluril is often used in similar formulations to improve scratch and chemical resistance.
Nippon Paint Nax Premila 2K Clear Coat
Nippon Paint’s automotive line features a two component system for lasting clear coats, likely incorporating glycoluril based crosslinkers to enhance durability, gloss, and weather resistance for high end automotive finishes.
Valspar Automotive DeBeer Refinish Clear Coats
Known for their strong adhesion and high gloss finishes, DeBeer clear coats by Valspar are formulated for professional refinishing applications. These coatings may use glycoluril to enhance the crosslinking required for long lasting, scratch resistant finishes.
2.2
LIST OF GLYCOLURIL RESINS USED IN AUTOMOBILE COATINGS
| CHEMICAL NAME | CAS No |
| Glycoluril | 496-46-8 |
| Tetramethylol Glycoluril (TMGU) | 17438-10-9 |
| Tetra(Methoxymethyl) Glycoluril | 3782-00-1 |
| Tetramethyl Glycoluril (TMGU, Methylated Glycoluril) | 22259-29-0 |
| Dimethylol Dihydroxyethylene Urea DMDHEU | 1854-26-8 |
| Hexamethoxymethylmelamine With Glycoluril | Mixtures |
| Tetra(Butoxy methyl) Glycoluril | 51566-62-2 |
| Tetrapropoxymethyl Glycoluril | 104376-78-9 |
| Butylated Glycoluril Formaldehyde Resin | Mixtures |
| Poly(Glycoluril-Urea) Resins (Polymeric Forms) | Mixtures |
3.0
GLYCOLURIL USES IN CAN AND COIL COATINGS
(CROSSLINKING AGENT)
In can and coil coatings, glycoluril plays an important role as a crosslinking agent, enhancing the performance and longevity of the coatings applied to metal substrates. Here’s an overview of how glycoluril is utilized in these applications:
Enhanced Durability and Chemical Resistance
Glycoluril-based resins contribute significantly to the durability of can and coil coatings. These coatings must resist a variety of chemical exposures, including acidic or alkaline food contents (in cans) and environmental pollutants (in coils). Glycoluril’ s strong crosslinked network provides excellent chemical resistance, maintaining the coating’s integrity over time.
Improved Adhesion
The crosslinking properties of glycoluril ensure strong adhesion to metal substrates, which is essential in can and coil coatings. This strong bond prevents delamination, blistering, or peeling, which could compromise product quality, especially in food and beverage cans.
Corrosion Resistance
Glycoluril-based coatings provide an additional barrier to corrosion, which is critical for metal cans and coils exposed to moisture, food acids, or the elements. This helps protect the underlying metal from rust and corrosion, extending the product’s life span.
Thermal Stability
Can and coil coatings often undergo high-temperature processes, such as curing in industrial ovens, where thermal stability is crucial. Glycoluril’s thermosetting properties ensure that the coatings can withstand high temperatures without degradation, maintaining both performance and appearance after curing.
Flexibility and Formability
Can and coil coatings often require flexibility to accommodate bending and forming without cracking or losing adhesion. Glycoluril-based resins provide enough flexibility to withstand mechanical stress during manufacturing and handling, allowing the coating to remain intact even when the metal is shaped.
Gloss and Surface Finish
Glycoluril enhances the gloss and aesthetic appeal of can and coil coatings, resulting in a smooth, high-quality finish. This is especially important for consumer-facing products, such as beverage cans, where visual appeal is crucial.
Resistance to Food and Beverage Staining
In food and beverage cans, coatings with glycoluril offer resistance to staining and leaching from acidic or coloured contents, such as tomatoes, juices, and soft drinks. This ensures that the can interior maintains its quality, preventing unwanted interactions between the food or beverage and the can coating.
Environmental Compliance
Many glycoluril-based resins are formulated to meet regulatory standards for low volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, which are essential for can and coil coatings. This helps companies comply with environmental regulations, providing a safer and more sustainable option.
Abrasion and Scratch Resistance
Glycoluril crosslinking enhances the hardness of the coating, making it more resistant to scratches and abrasions that can occur during handling, transport, or stacking of cans and coils. This toughness is vital to maintain the coating’s appearance and protective function.
Efficient Curing Processes
Glycoluril-based resins cure effectively at relatively low temperatures, which helps reduce energy consumption during the coating process. This efficient curing process is beneficial for high-speed production lines used in can and coil manufacturing.
3.1
COMMECIAL PRODUCTS WHICH USE GLYCOLURIL CROSS LINKING AGENTS IN CAN AND COIL COATINGS.
PPG Industries – PPG Envirocron and Aquacron Series:
PPG’s Envirocron powder coatings and Aquacron waterborne coatings are popular in the can and coil industries, offering corrosion protection, chemical resistance, and flexibility. Glycoluril is often used in such coatings to provide crosslinking for better durability and performance, especially under challenging environmental conditions.
Valspar (now part of Sherwin-Williams) – ValPro and ValPure Series:
Valspar’s ValPro for coils and ValPure for food and beverage cans are well-known for their high-performance coatings, formulated for chemical resistance and adhesion. ValPure coatings, specifically, are designed to meet strict food safety regulations, and glycoluril-based crosslinking agents are commonly employed for long-lasting protection in can linings.
AkzoNobel – CERAM-A-STAR 1050 and Interpon Series:
AkzoNobel’s CERAM-A-STAR 1050 is a widely used coil coating in construction, with high durability and UV resistance. The Interpon powder coating line also includes glycoluril-based resins to improve hardness and chemical resistance. These coatings are used extensively in architectural panels, roofing, and food cans.
Beckers Group – Beckry Coils and Beckqua Waterborne Coatings:
Beckers produces Beckry coatings for the coil industry, which are designed to provide strong adhesion, weather resistance, and aesthetic appeal. Beckqua is their waterborne line aimed at reducing VOC emissions. Glycoluril-based crosslinkers in these coatings help enhance the thermal stability and durability required for both architectural and consumer product packaging.
Sherwin-Williams Coil Coatings – Fluropon and Polane Series:
Fluropon is a high-performance line used in metal roofing and coil applications, known for UV and weather resistance. While not all formulations are disclosed, many Sherwin-Williams coatings utilize glycoluril to provide extra crosslinking for scratch and chemical resistance, especially in demanding industrial settings.
Kansai Paint – Zincromet and Clean PE Series
Kansai Paint offers a variety of coatings for the coil industry under their Zincromet and Clean PE lines. These are formulated for robust corrosion resistance and UV stability, benefiting from glycoluril-based crosslinking for improved mechanical properties and adhesion.
Axalta Coating Systems – Alesta and AquaEC™ Series: Axalta’s Alesta powder coatings and AquaEC™ liquid coatings are commonly used in can and coil applications. These coatings emphasize durability, corrosion resistance, and environmental compliance. Glycoluril-based additives are often incorporated to reinforce the film integrity and maintain the coating’s performance under different environmental stressors.
Nippon Paint – Paleeva and Polynate Series:
Nippon Paint’s Paleeva series is formulated for interior can coatings, offering chemical resistance for food and beverage cans, while Polynate is used for coil coatings with high flexibility and UV resistance. Glycoluril resins in these products ensure strong crosslinking, enhancing scratch resistance and coating stability.
3.2
GLYCOLURIL BASED CROSS LINKERS USED IN CAN AND COIL COATINGS.
| CHEMICAL NAME | CAS No |
| Tetramethylol Glycoluril (TMGU) | 17438-10-9 |
| Tetra(methoxymethyl) Glycoluril | 3782-00-1 |
| Tetra(butoxymethyl) Glycoluril | 51566-62-2 |
| Tetrapropoxymethyl Glycoluril | 104376-78-9 |
| Hexamethoxymethylmelamine with Glycoluril | Mixed Resin |
| Poly(glycoluril-urea) Resins | Mixed Resin |
4.0
GLYCOLURIL USE IN TEXTILE FLAME RETARDANTS
Glycoluril-based compounds are widely used in textile flame retardants due to their high nitrogen content, which plays a significant role in inhibiting combustion.
Nitrogen-Rich Flame Retardant
Glycoluril compounds are rich in nitrogen, which releases inert gases when exposed to heat. This dilution effect of flammable gases reduces the oxygen available for combustion, effectively slowing down the burning process in treated textiles.
Thermal Stability
Glycoluril-based flame retardants provide thermal stability, making textiles more resistant to high temperatures before they reach ignition points. This stability is beneficial in applications where textiles are exposed to heat, such as in firefighting gear, upholstery, and automotive interiors.
Intumescent Properties
When exposed to heat, some glycoluril-based flame retardants form a protective char layer. This intumescent barrier acts as an insulating shield, preventing heat and oxygen from reaching the underlying material and significantly reducing flame spread.
Synergistic Effects with Other Flame Retardants
Glycoluril-based flame retardants often work synergistically with other fire-resistant compounds, such as phosphates, to enhance flame resistance. This combined approach creates a more effective flame-retardant system, allowing textile manufacturers to use lower amounts of chemicals while achieving high levels of fire resistance.
Durability and Wash Fastness
Textiles treated with glycoluril flame retardants exhibit good wash durability, meaning that the flame-retardant properties are maintained even after repeated washing cycles. This makes glycoluril-based treatments especially suitable for applications in household textiles, workwear, and other fabrics that require frequent laundering.
Eco-Friendly Alternative
Glycoluril is often considered a safer alternative to some halogenated flame retardants, which can release toxic fumes when burned. Glycoluril-based compounds produce less toxic smoke and gases, making them suitable for applications where health and environmental safety are a concern.
Compatibility with Various Fibers
Glycoluril flame retardants can be used on a variety of textile fibers, including cotton, polyester, and blended fabrics. This versatility makes it useful for applications across different textile types, such as curtains, carpets, upholstery, and protective clothing.
Non-Migratory Properties
Unlike some flame retardants that may migrate out of the fabric over time, glycoluril-based flame retardants are generally more stable within the textile matrix. This stability helps maintain consistent flame-retardant performance over the product’s life.
Low Impact on Fabric Properties
Glycoluril-based flame retardants are formulated to have minimal impact on fabric feel, softness, and colour, which is essential in consumer products such as clothing and household textiles. This makes them ideal for applications where maintaining fabric quality and aesthetics is essential.
Application in Blends and Coatings
Glycoluril-based flame retardants can be applied as coatings or integrated into fiber blends, allowing manufacturers to tailor the level of flame retardancy according to specific application needs, whether for industrial textiles or consumer products.
4.1
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS WHICH USE GLYCOLURIL AS FLAME RETARDANTS IN TEXTILES
Several commercial textile flame retardants incorporate glycoluril-based compounds to enhance fire resistance, durability, and safety in fabrics. Here are some well-known flame-retardant products and brands that likely use glycoluril or its derivatives
Clariant – Flamestab and Exolit Series
Clariant’s Flamestab and Exolit lines are known for offering nitrogen-rich flame retardants that improve fire resistance in textiles. Some of these formulations integrate glycoluril-based crosslinkers for added thermal stability and flame-retardant performance, particularly in products targeting upholstery, automotive interiors, and protective fabrics.
BASF – Lurapretand Basoflex®
BASF offers flame-retardant products such as Lurapret for textiles, designed for high wash durability and strong flame resistance. Basoflex is a resin that enhances thermal stability, commonly used in technical textiles where glycoluril crosslinkers may be included for improved fire resistance in combination with other flame-retardant agents.
Thor Group – Aflammit Series
Thor’s Aflammit series includes flame retardants that leverage a combination of nitrogen- and phosphorus-based compounds for textiles. These formulations often incorporate glycoluril-based derivatives to achieve effective intumescent properties and durability, especially in industrial applications like protective workwear.
Chemische Fabrik Budenheim
Budit Series Budit flame retardants by Budenheim include products for textiles that combine nitrogen and phosphorus components. These compounds may contain glycoluril-based materials to provide a non-halogenated alternative with effective fire resistance and minimal impact on fabric properties.
ICL Group – TexFRon™ Series
ICL’s TexFRon™ line is designed for use in textile applications requiring low-toxicity, durable flame retardants. Glycoluril-based crosslinkers in these formulations provide high thermal stability and intumescent performance, making them suitable for upholstery, carpets, and other fabrics.
Italmatch Chemicals – Masteret and Melagard Series
Italmatch offers the Masteret series, a range of flame retardants that include glycoluril-based components for durable, environmentally friendly fire resistance in textiles. The Melagard series also includes glycoluril derivatives and is commonly applied in protective garments and automotive interiors.
Rudolf Group – Rucostar EEE Series
Rudolf Group’s Rucostar EEE series includes products for durable flame-retardant finishes on textiles. Glycoluril derivatives are often used here for achieving high wash durability and resistance to thermal degradation, especially for textiles that undergo repeated laundering.
Solvay – Alkocryl and Rhodia Polyamide Resins
Solvay’s Alkocryl and other Rhodia brand resins include crosslinked glycoluril compounds in textile applications. These flame retardants are commonly used in apparel and upholstery to achieve consistent, long-lasting fire resistance.
4.2
GLYCOLURIL RESINS WHICH ARE USED IN FLAME RETARDANTS IN TEXTILES
| CHEMICAL NAME | CAS No |
| Tetramethylol Glycoluril (TMGU) | 17438-10-9 |
| Tetra(methoxymethyl) Glycoluril | 3782-00-1 |
| Tetra(butoxymethyl) Glycoluril | 51566-62-2 |
| Tetrapropoxymethyl Glycoluril | 104376-78-9 |
| Tetramethyl Glycoluril (TMGU) | 22259-29-0 |