Ammonium phosphate, typically referring to compounds like monoammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4) or diammonium phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4), can be used as a filler and additive in polymer formulations, offering various benefits and applications:
Flame Retardancy
Ammonium phosphate compounds are widely employed as flame retardants in polymer formulations. They release ammonia and phosphoric acid gases when exposed to high temperatures, which dilute flammable gases and interfere with the combustion process, thus reducing the flammability of polymers. This property is crucial for enhancing the fire safety of polymer-based materials used in construction, electronics, and transportation.
Smoke Suppression
In addition to their flame-retardant properties, ammonium phosphate compounds can suppress smoke formation during combustion. The released gases can interfere with the formation of smoke particles, thereby reducing the visibility of smoke and improving evacuation conditions in case of a fire.
Acidic pH Adjustment
Ammonium phosphate can serve as an acidifying agent in polymer formulations to adjust the pH of the system. This property is beneficial for certain polymers that require specific pH conditions for processing or to achieve desired properties.
Controlled-Release Coatings
In certain applications, such as agricultural films or controlled-release coatings, ammonium phosphate compounds can be used to provide nutrients to plants. Over time, these compounds can gradually release ammonium and phosphate ions, which serve as essential nutrients for plant growth.
Corrosion Inhibition
Ammonium phosphate compounds can also function as corrosion inhibitors when incorporated into polymer coatings or materials. They form a protective layer on metal surfaces, preventing corrosion by inhibiting the electrochemical reactions that lead to metal degradation.